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japanese m1 garand

Japanese M1 Garand - Lot 3535: Japanese - Type 5 M1 Garand Prototype A highly desirable, iconic and extremely rare WWII Japanese Replica M1 Garand Prototype Semi-Automatic Rifle Auction Date: September 9, 2018

A highly desirable, famous and extremely rare World War II Japanese replica M1 Garand prototype semi-automatic rifle

Japanese M1 Garand

Japanese M1 Garand

This is an extremely rare example of a WWII Japanese Type 5 semi-automatic rifle. In July 1932, Nippon Special Steel Company and Tokyo Gas & Electric Company were given orders to submit designs for Japan's semi-automatic rifle project. During this time several rifle designs were developed (or copied from other rifles) and tested by the Japanese. Two of them, as we know, are based on the British Pedersen design (submitted by the Nippon Special Steel Company) and the Czech ZH-29 semi-auto rifles submitted by the Tokyo Gas and Electric Company (TGE). Shortly after completing military testing, Japan invaded mainland China in 1935/36 and testing was halted. Later in 1943/44 Japan decided to resume the search for a successful semi-automatic rifle, although they decided to copy the American M1 Garand design. This example is one of those produced at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal. It is only the US chambered in the Japanese 7.7mm cartridge. A close copy of M1. It is estimated that about 200 sets of parts were actually produced, and only 125 rifles were assembled due to the end of WWII. Very few examples were brought to America. In this case these rifles are not serial numbered, only the assembly number (in this example assembly number 47) is on all internal parts. This rifle is all original and of course has a matching original black paint finish on all parts. The bolt, operating rod and gas cylinder are direct copies of the original US M1 rifle, with a slightly different receiver configuration, close but not exact. On the rear bridge of the receiver is a standard Japanese tangent rear sight graduated from 100-1200 meters, and the front sight is an inverted "v" with a protective wing on the sides. Almost identical to the locations of both Japanese Type 99 rifles. The wood components are similar in configuration to the M1 Garand, with two handguards and a short M1 Garand-style buttstock with finger grooves on the sides. It features a side-mounted (left side) sling swivel and cupped sheet metal buttplate, similar to the Type 99.

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Good to 85% of its original WWII black finish with some minor flaking on the top and sides of the receiver from handling and hand cycling. All wood components are in very good condition and overall has several light stress dents and dark paint that shows handling marks on the sides overall. The left side shows several stress marks, mostly centered on the magazine. Mechanically good. This is an extremely rare and popular rifle that is sure to fit into any M1 Garand rifle collection and any WWII collection. During World War II, the main American service rifle, the M1 Garand, earned not only a reputation from the nation that developed it and the soldiers who used it, but also from those who encountered it. The Japanese were no exception, as they themselves tested and evaluated captured M1 rifles during the war. He even went so far as to adopt John Garand's design in the last two years of the war. This is the story of Japan's attempt to develop its own semi-automatic rifle and the superior American forces they faced. How tried to copy the M1 to make their infantry more balanced against troops.

In the early 1930s, Japan was trying to develop a semi-automatic military rifle. Photo: Institute of Military Technology

Japan, like many other nations during the war years of the 1920s to 1930s, saw the potential value of developing and adopting a semi-automatic service rifle. During World War I the machine gun reigned supreme and it became clear that the infantry's ability to gain a greater fire superiority over the opponent would only increase the chances of success.

The problem was that the heavy machine guns of the era were not as mobile as infantry, and the bolt-action rifles in general use could not match the volume of suppressive fire. Adding a semi-automatic rifle to the mix allows infantrymen to arm themselves with faster follow-up shots and greater volume without relying on the limitations of heavy machine guns.

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One of the Pedersen action-style test rifles from Japanese experiments in the 1930s with an internal rotary magazine. Photo: Institute of Military Technology

The Japanese self-loading rifle program began in 1931, when the Japanese Army requested a design from General Kejiro Nimbu with a new light machine gun design. At the time, the US and Britain were testing semi-automatic rifles in their own experiments, and the Japanese were keeping a close eye on it.

One design that particularly stuck out to the Japanese was designer John Pederson's toggle-lock action rifle. During this period, Pedersen visited Japan with his rifle, and the Japanese paid special attention to it, believing it to be a design that would be adopted by the two Western powers. Two private companies, Nippon Special Steel and Tokyo Gas & Electric, contracted to produce their own variants of the Pedersen design, while the Japanese military produced its own through Koshikawa Arsenal.

Japanese M1 Garand

Tests of these prototype semi-automatic rifles continued until July 1937, when Japan entered the war in mainland China. With Japan at war and the expected costs of fielding a new rifle, the Japanese canceled the trials altogether without selecting a winning design. The Japanese go to war with their Arisaka bolt-action rifles (to learn more about this rifle, click here).

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With the occupation of the Philippines in May 1942 and the surrender of American forces at Bataan, the Japanese acquired several examples of the new American semi-automatic service rifle, the M1 Garand. These captured Garand rifles were tested and studied by the Japanese. As the war progressed into 1943 and American forces began to push the Japanese back from their hold in the Pacific, the advantage the M1 provided to American infantry became clear. Led by the Imperial Japanese Navy rather than an army, Japanese designers quickly went back to the drawing board to find an answer.

By early 1944, Japan's situation in the Pacific had become increasingly dire as the United States drew closer to its home islands. Japanese designers focused their attention on replicating the M1 Garand. First the Japanese experimented with chambering the M1 Garand for their 7.7x58mm cartridge, which was dimensionally similar to the .30-06.

The Yokosuka Type 4 US M1 was an attempt by the Japanese to replicate the Garand at the end of World War II. Photo: Institute of Military Technology

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He found that the M1 could fire the 7.7mm, but experienced feeding problems as a result of the N-block clip feeding system. As a result, the N-block clip was deleted from their design in favor of a 10-round internal magazine fed by two Arsaka five-round striper clips. This new Japanese adaptation of the M1 was called the Type 4 rifle, but also known as the Type 5, and its manufacturing shops were set up at the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal in Tokyo Bay.

The Type 4 was intended for mass production by 1945. About 250 parts sets for these rifles were produced, with just over 100 rifles produced, when Japan surrendered in September 1945. After the war, Allied personnel sought parts and assembled the rifles. At the Yokosuka Naval Arsenal.

Twenty of these rifles were taken for study or as trophies, some made their way to the United States, and some are still on public display. Little is known about the Type 4's performance other than the reported reliability issues - there were no cases of the rifles being used in combat. Internally and externally, the Type 4 is identical to the cloned M1.

Japanese M1 Garand

The most notable differences between the Type 4 and the M1 are external with respect to the bottom of the sights, stock and magazine, and the addition of a striper feed in the receiver. The Type 4 sights are touch style rather than the knob and peephole system found on the M1, although these sights use a much smaller peephole.

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A view of the assembled internals of both the Type 4 (top) and the M1, with the stock removed and the trigger guards reattached.

The Type 4's stock and handguards follow the same principles as the M1, but with its own style. The front handguard is a piece of wood, with no air seal underneath for the gas system. The rear handguard lacks a spring.

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