Kontakt 1 Era - Each Kontakt-1 block contains two 4S20 explosives composed of plastic explosives sandwiched between two flat steel plates. The principle of operation of the weapon lies in the disruption of the molten rods by the strong separation of the steel plates that connect the explosive layer on top of the explosive. It is sometimes said that the many small gaps between each block leave a large portion of the box's surface vulnerable, but this is only partially true at very specific angles. This can be seen in the diagram below, taken from the book "Защита Танков" (Maintenance of Tanks) by V.A Grigoryan. The column of 'N' numbers on the left shows the number of transitions the drug needs to go through, depending on the point of impact. As you can see, even if the warhead hits the side of one of the Kontakt-1 blocks, the design of the blocks requires the jet to go through two 4S20 elements. If the warhead hits the center of a Contact-1 block, the resulting charge will join the 4S20 element of the first block, then continue to the next block, where it will join two 4S20 elements. for a total of three crosses.
Due to the 68-degree installation angle on the upper glacier and on the turret cheeks, the 40 mm gap between the Kontakt-1 blocks did not significantly weaken the defensive properties of the reactive weapon. The overlap between the blocks when viewed from the front is also sufficient to prevent the reduction of the effectiveness of the ERA from edge effects (the type of exhaust that touches the edge of the object ERA).
Kontakt 1 Era
From a first perspective, Kontakt-1 offers unique coverage despite the gaps between each block. The same can be said of the blocks placed on the sidebars. The height, angle and spacing of the reactive armor cluster are clearly set for a set angle of 68 degrees and problems can arise when the blocks are placed at a smaller angle. When the blocks are placed at the right angle, there are only a few things that cause the gaps between the blocks to become weak points, and even then they are small.
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The 4S20 elements are arranged in a V shape with an angle of 9 degrees between them. The mass of each explosive is 260 grams and the explosive power is equal to 280 grams of TNT. Explosives cannot be secured primarily to ensure safety during handling, but also to ensure that they are invulnerable to machine gun fire and napalm attacks. Kontakt-1 is protected from external damage that wears out Kontakt-1-clad drums to protect their Kontakt-1 blocks, even if the metal of the drum is completely destroyed from an accidental destruction . This means that the blocks will not explode even if fired for a long time by the high heat of guns or fuel fires. Here are some examples:
The irrational nature of the explosion in 4S20 explains why Kontakt-1 has no effect on KE rounds - they do not detonate. The low speed makes it easy for Kontakt-1 to defeat using tandem warheads using a non-launching method. However, 4S20 items can present a fire hazard if the tank is loaded with napalm, as the explosive tank will still ignite when exposed to high temperatures for long periods of time. This means that large parts of the tank become inert after being sprayed with explosive napalm.
The weight of each block is 5.7 kg and the reduced weight is less. A complete package covering the entire tank is about 1.2 tons. The 4S20 explosives can be removed from the block by simply removing it, leaving the metal blanks attached to the box. This is done as a safety measure before boxes are put into long-term storage.
The impact of one Kontakt-1 block exploding on adjacent blocks is minimal due to the tight fit of the 3mm sheet steel bars. This completely prevents chain explosions. However, steel tanks are not strong enough to withstand the blast pressure of a large explosive warhead, especially if there is a powerful fragment effect. Therefore, if a HEAT missile or grenade can destroy only the Kontakt-1 blocks that intersect with the path of the beam, the explosion can remove several blocks from the surface of a box. The powerful unit can destroy the 4S20 explosives in Kontakt-1, making the powerful HEAT shells in the tank more effective in removing the ERA from the surfaces of the tank, for because they have thick steel armor, as opposed to light aluminum like missiles. and light grenades. In fact, the area produced by 125 mm 3BK-14M shells takes which has enough energy to pierce the frontal armor of most APCs.
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In the article "Динамическая защита. Израильский шит ковался в... СССР? ", it was shown that between 9-31% of the protected area of one side of the tank tower can be left untouched by blocks Kontakt-1 blocks Kontakt -1. the explosion of a large-scale warhead. Reactive armor blocks can be launched on 16-71% (!) of the protective surface of the upper glacier and blocks can be destroyed on 31-51% of the protective surface on the sides of the hull. Tests were conducted with 9M112M missiles and 3BK-14M shells, both of which contained large explosive charges. In addition, the 3BK-14M has a powerful fragmentation effect that improves its effectiveness in removing large amounts of Kontakt-1 blocks.
This is further analyzed in the report "Анализ Живучести Динамической Защиты Отечественных Танков" (Analysis of the Durability of the Dynamic Protection of Domestic Tanks). It was reported that the area covered by Kontakt-1 after the impact of a single HEAT shell (represented by 125mm 3BK-14M) was on average 70-85% above and below the glacier. of the hull, 20-30 % on each side of the wall, and 50-55% on the sides of the hull.
The number of Kontakt-1 blocks is much smaller than that of a grenade from a light shoulder weapon such as an RPG-7, Carl Gustaf or M72 LAW. The picture on the left shows a T-72B hit in the side by a HEAT shell during the war in Chechnya. A PG-7 grenade of unknown origin was used. The combined explosive power of the grenade and a single Kontakt-1 block was able to remove a small number of blocks around the end of the impact and leave a tear in the fuselage, but the majority of the limited damage. The photo below on the right shows a Syrian T-72AV that suffered similar damage. The explosion of a single Kontakt-1 block tore through a hole in the hull and removed other blocks around it.
When a charging jet passes through the explosives, the impact of the explosions propels the steel cylinder to high velocity at oblique angles to the jet, thus cutting off most of the body of the jet. Compared to the Israeli Blazer ERA, Kontakt-1 is more powerful, has more airfoils, better cornering, less cornering changes, and more quality of the sandwich arrangement. This is due to the lack of special angular brackets for Blazer to increase the slope of explosives.
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Each 4S20 explosive is thought to have a reactive anti-nuclear weapon within it. In the Russian name, each explosive is classified as a "dynamic element", because it can work independently, as for example, "Blazer". The detonator consists of two hardened steel plates holding a plastic detonator plate. The steel container containing the two explosives has walls about 2-3 mm thick. This high thickness gives boxes that can support the weight of a person standing on it without deformation, and durability that cannot be destroyed by heavy objects falling on the box ( brick, concrete) or less. evening. The high density also helps to ensure that impact projectiles have the stability to detonate properly before entering the ERA block directly without detonation. In addition, the walls of the steel tank not only act as a container for the explosives, but also contribute to the overall shock effect against the charge when the explosive explodes.
The thickness of the three layers of each 4S20 element is not shown, but from the picture above, it appears that the ratio of the thickness of the steel plates to the thickness of the blast plate is 1:2. By multiplying the apparent thickness of a 4S20 wall filled with 3mm walls of steel box, the thickness of the steel walls is reached.
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